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| Английский язык. Школьный тур |
| Назад к списку блоков |
| 11 класс. Блок № 2 |
| 45 минут на выполнение блока. Из них 45 минут на ввод ответов |
| Задание № 1 |
| READING Time: 15 minutes Read the text and choose the most suitable answer. This book examines how the ever-changing role of colour in society has been reflected in manuscripts, stained glass, clothing, painting and popular culture. Colour is a natural phenomenon, of course, but is is also a complex cultural construct that resists generalization and, indeed, analysis itself. No doubt this is why serious works devoted to colour are rare, and rarer still are those that aim to study it in historical context. Many authors search for the universal or archetypal truths they imagine reside in colour, but for the historian, such truths do not exist. Colour is first and foremost a social phenomenon. There is no transcultural truth to colour perception, despite what many books based on poorly grasped neurobiology or - even worse - on pseudoesoteric pop psychology would have us believe. Such books unfortunately clutter the bibliography on the subject, and even do it harm. The silence of historians on the subject of colour, or more particularly their difficulty in conceiving colour as a subject separate from other historical phenomena, is the result of three different sets of problems. The first concerns documentation and preservation. We see the colours transmitted to us by the past as time has altered them and not as they were originally. Moreover, we see them under light conditions that often are entirely different from those known by past societies. And finally, over the decades we have developed the habit of looking at objects from the past in black-and-white photographs and, despite the current diffusion of colour photography, our ways of thinking about and reacting to these objects seem to have remained more or less black and white. The second set of problems concerns methodology. As soon as the historian seeks to study colour, he must grapple with a host of factors all at once: physics, chemistry, materials, and techniques of production, as well as iconography, ideology, and the symbolic meanings that colours convey. How to make sense of all of these elements? How can one establish an analytical model facilitating the study of images and coloured objects? No researcher, no method, has yet been able to resolve these problems, because among the numerous facts pertaining to colour, a researcher tends to select those facts that support his study and to conveniently forget those that contradict it. This is clearly a poor way to conduct research. And it is made worse by the temptation to apply to the objects and images of a given historical period information found in texts of that period. The proper method - at least in the first phase of analysis - is to proceed as do paleontologists (who must study cave paintings without the aid of texts): by extrapolating from the images and the objects themselves a logic and a system based on various concrete factors such as the rate of occurrence of particular objects and motifs, their distribution and disposition. In short, one undertakes the internal structural analysis with which any study of an image or coloured object should begin. The third set of problems is philosophical: it is wrong to project our own conceptions and definitions of colour onto the images, objects and monuments of past centuries. Our judgements and values are not those of previous societies (and no doubt they will change again in the future). For the writer-historian looking at the definitions and taxonomy of colour, the danger of anachronism is very real. For example, the spectrum with its natural order of colours was unknown before the seventeenth century, while the notion of primary and secondary colours did not become common until the nineteenth century. These are not eternal notions but stages in the ever-changing history of knowledge. I have reflected on such issues at greater length in my previous work, so while the present book does address certain of them, for the most part it is devoted to other topics. Nor is it concerned only with the history of colour in images and artworks - in any case that area still has many gaps to be filled. Rather, the aim of this book is to examine all kinds of objects in order to consider the different facets of the history of colour and to show how far beyond the artistic sphere this history reaches. The history of painting is one thing; that of colour is another, much larger, question. Most studies devoted to the history of colour err in considering only the pictorial, artistic or scientific realms. But the lessons to be learned from colour and its real interest lie elsewhere. |
| Вопрос № 1 1 балла(ов) |
| What problem regarding colour does the writer explain in the first paragraph? |
| Our view of colour is strongly affected by changing fashion. |
| Analysis is complicated by the bewildering number of natural colours. |
| Colours can have different associations in different parts of the world. Это правильный ответ |
| Certain popular books have dismissed colour as insignificant. |
| Вопрос № 2 1 балла(ов) |
| What is the first reason the writer gives for the lack of academic work on the history of colour? |
| There are problems of reliability associated with the artefacts available. Это правильный ответ |
| Historians have seen colour as being outside their field of expertise. |
| Colour has been rather looked down upon as a fit subject for academic study. |
| Very little documentation exists for historians to use. |
| Вопрос № 3 1 балла(ов) |
| The writer suggests that the priority when conducting historical research on colour is to |
| ignore the interpretations of other modern day historians. |
| focus one's interest as far back as the prehistoric era. |
| find some way of organising the mass of available data. Это правильный ответ |
| relate pictures to information from other sources. |
| Вопрос № 4 1 балла(ов) |
| In the fourth paragraph, the writer says that the historian writing about colour should be careful |
| not to analyse in an old-fashioned way. |
| when making basic distinctions between key ideas. |
| not to make unwise predictions. |
| when using certain terms and concepts. Это правильный ответ |
| Вопрос № 5 1 балла(ов) |
| In the fifth paragraph, the writer says there needs to be further research done on |
| the history of colour in relation to objects in the world around us. |
| the concerns he has raised in an earlier publication. |
| the many ways in which artists have used colour over the years. |
| the relationship between artistic works and the history of colour. Это правильный ответ |
| Вопрос № 6 1 балла(ов) |
| An idea recurring in the text is that people who have studied colour have |
| failed to keep up with scientific developments. |
| not understood its global significance. |
| found it difficult to be fully objective. Это правильный ответ |
| been muddled about their basic aims. |
| Задание № 2 |
| USE OF ENGLISH Time: 25 minutes Read the text below and think of the word that best fits each gap. Choose the correct answer. The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco 7)............... worldwide fame almost immediately after its completion in 1937, not just because it was a technical masterpiece but also 8)................ of its elegant design. The eye-catching orange-red colour of the bridge also 9)…............ its popularity. Construction of the road bridge started in 1933. At the time, many people doubted whether it was technically possible to span the 1,600-metre-wide strait. But despite this, the project 10)................... There is also a sidewalk for pedestrians on the bridge but it’s quite a 11) …........... to walk across it. For a start, it is three kilometres long and 67 metres above sea level. In extreme weather conditions, the bridge can 12)................ almost eight metres, which can make the crossing rather unpleasant. The Golden Gate Bridge is at its most 13)............... in the morning when it is often shrouded by mist. At night, it’s also spectacular because the lighting makes it seem as if the towers are 14)............... into the darkness. The bridge has long since 15)................ its record of being the longest bridge but it is still one of the world’s most famous landmarks |
| Вопрос № 1 1 балла(ов) |
| Choose the correct answer for №7 |
| received |
| achieved Это правильный ответ |
| produced |
| inspired |
| Вопрос № 2 1 балла(ов) |
| Choose the correct answer for №8 |
| in the event |
| on behalf |
| as a result Это правильный ответ |
| with the aid of |
| Вопрос № 3 1 балла(ов) |
| Choose the correct answer for №9 |
| boosted Это правильный ответ |
| intensified |
| developed |
| amplified |
| Вопрос № 4 1 балла(ов) |
| Choose the correct answer for №10 |
| went ahead Это правильный ответ |
| moved off |
| started out |
| sprang up |
| Вопрос № 5 1 балла(ов) |
| Choose the correct answer for №11 |
| hazard |
| challenge Это правильный ответ |
| trial |
| difficulty |
| Вопрос № 6 1 балла(ов) |
| Choose the correct answer for №12 |
| shake |
| bounce |
| sway Это правильный ответ |
| wobble |
| Вопрос № 7 1 балла(ов) |
| Choose the correct answer for №13 |
| desirable |
| enchanting Это правильный ответ |
| glowing |
| pleasurable |
| Вопрос № 8 1 балла(ов) |
| Choose the correct answer for №14 |
| dispersing |
| separating |
| spreading |
| disappearing Это правильный ответ |
| Вопрос № 9 1 балла(ов) |
| Choose the correct answer for №15 |
| thrown |
| lost Это правильный ответ |
| missed |
| resigned |
| Задание № 3 |
| Choose the correct answer. |
| Вопрос № 1 1 балла(ов) |
| Can you run that proposal by me? |
| tell Это правильный ответ |
| listen to |
| repeat |
| Вопрос № 2 1 балла(ов) |
| Did you stock up on water before the storm? |
| buy a lot of something Это правильный ответ |
| finish something |
| drink |
| Вопрос № 3 1 балла(ов) |
| He was very clever. He sniffed out the answer almost immediately. |
| smell |
| ask |
| discover information Это правильный ответ |
| Вопрос № 4 1 балла(ов) |
| Jack headed that problem off nicely. |
| understand |
| prevent Это правильный ответ |
| finish |
| Вопрос № 5 1 балла(ов) |
| Please don't harp on that. I know I shouldn't have bought it. |
| play |
| complain about Это правильный ответ |
| jump up and down |
| Вопрос № 6 1 балла(ов) |
| He set forth his opinion during his speech. |
| leave |
| explain clearly Это правильный ответ |
| begin |
| Вопрос № 7 1 балла(ов) |
| I'm trying to crank out a number of quizzes this month. |
| listen to |
| produce many Это правильный ответ |
| begin |
| Вопрос № 8 1 балла(ов) |
| Jack ratted on Jill. Can you believe it? |
| hit |
| tell someone in authority about something the person did Это правильный ответ |
| go out with romantically |
| Вопрос № 9 1 балла(ов) |
| We need to hash the procedure out. |
| discuss at length Это правильный ответ |
| develop |
| write down |
| Задание № 4 |
| Choose the correct answer. |
| Вопрос № 1 1 балла(ов) |
| Who changed his surname because of his ancestors' bad reputation? |
| Nathaniel Hawthorne Это правильный ответ |
| Washington Irving |
| F. Scott Fitzgerald |
| Mark Twain |
| Вопрос № 2 1 балла(ов) |
| His first big success as a novelist came with the publication of SISTER CARRIE. |
| George Orwell |
| Theodore Dreiser Это правильный ответ |
| Stephen King |
| John Steinbeck |
| Вопрос № 3 1 балла(ов) |
| Who is the master of the internal dialogue and the 'stream of consciousness' technique? |
| Sir Walter Scott |
| Lord Byron |
| Robert Lewis Stevenson |
| James Joyce Это правильный ответ |
| Вопрос № 4 1 балла(ов) |
| In 1934 he wrote his fourth and last novel: "Tender is the Night". Although he didn't write much, he is still considered as one of the biggest novelists from the twentieth century. Who is that? |
| J. D. Salinger |
| John Dos Passos |
| Ernest Hemingway |
| F. Scott Fitzgerald Это правильный ответ |
| Вопрос № 5 1 балла(ов) |
| Who wrote the following novels: "The Grapes of Wrath", "Of Mice and Men", "Tortilla Flat" and "Cannery Row"? |
| Tennessee Williams |
| Arthur Miller |
| Theodore Dreiser |
| John Steinbeck Это правильный ответ |
| Вопрос № 6 1 балла(ов) |
| His personal involvement in socialism led to a number of polemic works as "War of the Classes" and "Revolution". His belief in the law of survival and the will to power is dramatized in his most popular novels: "Call of the Wild" and "The Sea Wolf". What is the name of this author, who claimed he only wrote for the money? |
| Ernest Hemingway |
| Jack London Это правильный ответ |
| Henry James |
| Mark Twain |