Этот сайт посвящен олимпиадам школьников города Челябинска
| Английский язык |
| Назад к списку блоков |
| 8 класс. Блок № 2 |
| 50 минут на выполнение блока. Из них 50 минут на ввод ответов |
| Задание № 1 |
ЧТЕНИЕ Прочитайте текст и выберите правильный вариант ответа (A, B, C or D). Clothing is a distinctly human artifact. Even more than the use of tools, it distinguishes humans from the other creatures on this planet. While there are other creatures which use implements to a greater or lesser degree, clothing is unique to humanity. Clothing is also uniquely human, in that it serves more than one function. The basic purpose of clothing was originally utilitarian. By putting on an artificial skin, humans were able to move into regions where they otherwise would have been unable to cope with the climate. An extreme example of this use of clothing can be seen among the Eskimos, and other people who live with extreme cold. However, clothing was not only used for protection from the elements, but has also been a means of displaying one's status and sense of style for as long as humans have had civilisation. Thus clothing also developed in countries where there is no real practical need for it, apart from the other, very human function of preserving the modesty of the wearer. Clothing tells us many things about the wearer. It can be used to indicate whether she is a member of a particular group or organisation, the most extreme example of this type of clothing being a uniform. It tells us a lot about the importance of clothing that the clothes a person was wearing have been, literally, the difference between life and death. In war, soldiers recognise friends and enemies by their uniforms. Spies may be shot if captured, but if they go about their business in the uniform of their country, they are regarded as legitimate members of that country's armed forces. Uniforms can also be less formal. Anyone who has seen a group of teenagers walking together will have noticed that their clothing conforms to the standard set by their particular group. Nor are teens the only ones who are subject to such pressures. It is a rare businessman who does not feel the need to wear a suit and tie. Most politicians also try to be neat and well-dressed. People who wish to impress others often do so by the selection of their clothes - sometimes by choosing more expensive versions. This can be seen particularly in the fashion industry, where clothing by a particular designer fetches prices which are out of all proportion to the actual utilitarian value of the material. The significance of what we wear and how we wear it is, if anything, becoming more rather than less important as the cultures of the world mix and sometimes come into collision. There have been cases on holiday islands where the locals have a strict conservative tradition and have been outraged by visitors - especially female visitors - who wear far less than the minimum that the locals consider decent. The humble headscarf has become a symbol of conformism to religious values, and some westerners are as affronted by a woman wearing one as others in the middle east are upset by its absence. (Yet in medieval Europe, both men and women habitually kept their heads covered in public, and almost always when outdoors.) Indeed, the signals given by clothing as worn by men and women has not decreased because many women now wear what were once "men's" garments. For example today most women are very comfortable wearing jeans. Yet the sight of a man in a dress would raise eyebrows in most western cultures. For even though the signals given by clothing change over time - the ancient Romans thought that only barbarians wore trousers - the signals themselves are as strong as ever. It is impossible not to signal something about yourself in the clothes you wear, for even not trying to say anything is itself a strong signal. Therefore, even though we are steadily managing to adjust our micro-environments to temperatures which are as close to ideal as the human body wants, and even though sexual taboos of undress are being steadily eroded, it is highly unlikely the there will be no use for clothing in our future, unless humanity evolves into a completely new species. |
| Вопрос № 1 1 балла(ов) |
| Clothes are uniquely human because they |
| a. are artefacts |
| b. have many different functions Это правильный ответ |
| c. are made by tools |
| d. are worn when they are unnecessary |
| Вопрос № 2 1 балла(ов) |
| The author thinks that |
| a. clothing is an implement |
| b. there is no real need for clothing in some countries |
| c. clothes are principally for protection from the weather |
| d. people will always wear clothes Это правильный ответ |
| Вопрос № 3 1 балла(ов) |
| Which of the following does the author NOT give as a function of clothing? |
| a. To show how wealthy or powerful the wearer is |
| b. To show the wearer's taste |
| c. To adjust our micro-environment Это правильный ответ |
| d. To avoid indecency |
| Вопрос № 4 1 балла(ов) |
| According to the article, uniforms |
| a. are mainly worn by soldiers |
| b. have many functions |
| c. show membership of a group Это правильный ответ |
| d. are alwas worn by teenagers |
| Вопрос № 5 1 балла(ов) |
| The author suggests that fashion in clothing |
| a. is ridiculous |
| b. is a part of its social function Это правильный ответ |
| c. is used to show membership of a group |
| d. makes clothes too expensive |
| Вопрос № 6 1 балла(ов) |
| Teenagers wear very similar clothing to their friends |
| a. because they have the same climate |
| b. to avoid looking different from the others Это правильный ответ |
| c. because of sexual taboos of undress |
| d. to display their status and style |
| Вопрос № 7 1 балла(ов) |
| In future clothing will ... |
| a. be worn by other species |
| b. be less needed for its original function Это правильный ответ |
| c. be steadily eroded |
| d. become ideal for the needs of the human body |
| Вопрос № 8 1 балла(ов) |
| What might be a suitable title for the article? |
| a. The function of clothing. Это правильный ответ |
| b. Clothing as fashion. |
| c. The future of clothes |
| d. The story of clothes. |
| Задание № 2 |
ЛЕКСИКА И ГРАММАТИКА Выберите правильный вариант ответа: Early European Dolls. Dolls have 9_______ as children's playthings for thousands of years. However, they were 10 ________ manufactured as toys in large numbers in Germany in the fifteenth century. The centres of the industry were factories at Nuremberg, Augsburg, and Sonneberg. The dolls were primitive and 11_______ of wood, clay, rags, and wax. They were dressed in clothes to 12______ German women of the time. Soon factories in England, France, Holland, and Italy, as well as Germany, began producing dolls dressed in fashions 13_______of their respective countries. Another 14_______ of dolls, "lady" dolls, were extremely expensive and elegant, and were used as gifts for the aristocracy. These dolls, and the "fashion" dolls, which were later manufactured in Paris, have remained popular 15______ since. Such dolls were often used to model the latest clothing trends and were sent from one country to another to show off the latest fashions. Today they are prized collector's 16_______. By the 17th century, however, 17______ dolls began to appear, made of cloth or leather, and these were very 18______as toys for both boys and girls. There were several improvements in manufacturing. Dolls’ heads became more realistic, and new materials were used. 19_______ in the 18th century manufacturers developed soft leather which 20_______like human skin, and this was used in the more expensive dolls. Dolls began to look, feel, and move more like humans. |
| Вопрос № 1 1 балла(ов) |
| 1 |
| A. existed Это правильный ответ |
| B. been |
| C. used |
| D. sported |
| Вопрос № 2 1 балла(ов) |
| 2 |
| A initially Это правильный ответ |
| B finally |
| C. first |
| D. started |
| Вопрос № 3 1 балла(ов) |
| 3 |
| A. made Это правильный ответ |
| B. fabricated |
| C. consisted |
| D. created |
| Вопрос № 4 1 балла(ов) |
| 4 |
| A. resemblance |
| B. be as |
| C. look like Это правильный ответ |
| D. appear |
| Вопрос № 5 1 балла(ов) |
| 5 |
| A. clothes |
| B. typical Это правильный ответ |
| C. those |
| D. famous |
| Вопрос № 6 1 балла(ов) |
| 6 |
| A. brand |
| B. make |
| C. breed |
| D. type Это правильный ответ |
| Вопрос № 7 1 балла(ов) |
| 7 |
| A. also |
| B. for |
| C. ever Это правильный ответ |
| D. until |
| Вопрос № 8 1 балла(ов) |
| 8 |
| A. dolls |
| B. things |
| C. prizes |
| D. items Это правильный ответ |
| Вопрос № 9 1 балла(ов) |
| 9 |
| A. latest |
| B. cloth |
| C. then |
| D. simpler Это правильный ответ |
| Вопрос № 10 1 балла(ов) |
| 10 |
| A. adapted |
| B. suitable Это правильный ответ |
| C. useful |
| D. utilised |
| Вопрос № 11 1 балла(ов) |
| 11 |
| A. Soon |
| B. But |
| C. Early Это правильный ответ |
| D. When |
| Вопрос № 12 1 балла(ов) |
| 12 |
| A. resembled |
| B. fits |
| C. covering |
| D. felt Это правильный ответ |
| Вопрос № 1 1 балла(ов) |
| You won’t be allowed into the club .............. you wear a suit and tie. |
| a) if |
| b) unless Это правильный ответ |
| c) whether |
| d) apart |
| Вопрос № 2 1 балла(ов) |
| I .............. the piano since the age of five. |
| a) played |
| b) am playing |
| c) play |
| d) have played Это правильный ответ |
| Вопрос № 3 1 балла(ов) |
| You .............. fly to Dover – there isn’t an airport. |
| a) may |
| b) can |
| c) may not |
| d) cannot Это правильный ответ |
| Вопрос № 4 1 балла(ов) |
| We haven’t had .............. news from our agent. |
| a) some |
| b) any Это правильный ответ |
| c) no |
| d) none |
| Вопрос № 5 1 балла(ов) |
| A recent survey identified the UK as .............. place in Europe to buy a car. |
| a) most expensive |
| b) the more expensive |
| c) more expensive |
| d) the most expensive Это правильный ответ |
| Задание № 4 |
СТРАНОВЕДЕНИЕ Выберите правильный вариант ответа: |
| Вопрос № 1 1 балла(ов) |
| __________ is the most prominent author of the Declaration of Independence. |
| (A) George Washington |
| (B) John Adams |
| (C) Thomas Jefferson Это правильный ответ |
| (D) Abraham Lincoln |
| Вопрос № 2 1 балла(ов) |
| Which of the following American presidents was elected for three presidential terms during World War II? |
| (A) Franklin Roosevelt Это правильный ответ |
| (B) Theodore Roosevelt |
| (C) Dwight Eisenhower |
| (D) Harry Truman |
| Вопрос № 3 1 балла(ов) |
| Which of the following presidents was the youngest ever elected in the USA? |
| (A) John Kennedy Это правильный ответ |
| (B) William Clinton |
| (C) Barack Obama |
| (D) George Bush, Jr. |
| Вопрос № 4 1 балла(ов) |
| The Watergate scandal is connected with the president __________ |
| (A) John Kennedy |
| (B) Bill Clinton |
| (C) Richard Nixon Это правильный ответ |
| (D) Ronald Reagan |
| Вопрос № 5 1 балла(ов) |
| The American parliament is called __________ |
| (A) the Senate |
| (B) the Capitol |
| (C) the Federal Assembly |
| (D) the Congress Это правильный ответ |
| Вопрос № 6 1 балла(ов) |
| Which novel is not written by Ernest Hemingway? |
| (A) “A Farewell to Arms” |
| (B) “The Fifth Column” |
| (C) “Cabbages and Kings” Это правильный ответ |
| (D) “For Whom the Bell Tolls” |
| Вопрос № 7 1 балла(ов) |
| __________ is considered the American creator of the classical detective story. |
| (A) Arthur Conan Doyle |
| (B) Agatha Christie |
| (C) Edgar Alan Poe Это правильный ответ |
| (D) Yan Fleming |
| Вопрос № 8 1 балла(ов) |
| __________ is the director and producer of the film “Titanic”. |
| (A) Steven Spielberg |
| (B) James Cameron Это правильный ответ |
| (C) Guy Ritchie |
| (D) Quentin Tarantino |
| Вопрос № 9 1 балла(ов) |
| Thanksgiving Day is celebrated in __________ |
| (A) February |
| (B) August |
| (C) November Это правильный ответ |
| (D) December |
| Вопрос № 10 1 балла(ов) |
| The author of “An American Tragedy” is __________ |
| (A) Mark Twain |
| (B) Ernest Hemingway |
| (C) Theodore Dreiser Это правильный ответ |
| (D) John Steinbeck |